Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding metallic bonds?
A. They involve a sea of delocalized electrons.
B. They explain the malleability and ductility of metals.
C. They are responsible for the high electrical conductivity of metals.
D. They are highly directional in nature.
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Metallic bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and a 'sea' of delocalized valence electrons. These bonds are non-directional, which allows the metal ions to slide past one another without breaking the bond, explaining malleability and ductility. Therefore, statement C is incorrect.
Explanation:
Froth flotation separates sulfide ores: powdered ore mixed with water and pine oil; air bubbles carry oil-wetted ore particles to surface as froth; gangue sinks. Used for ZnS, PbS.
Explanation:
Nitric acid (HNO3) is historically known as Aqua Fortis, which translates to 'strong water' in Latin. This name was given by early alchemists due to its ability to dissolve almost all metals, including silver, which was not dissolved by other known acids at the time.
Explanation:
Graham's law: Rate of diffusion/effusion ∝ 1/√M, where M is molar mass. Lighter gases diffuse faster. At same T and P, rates of two gases r₁/r₂ = √(M₂/M₁). Example: NH₃ (17 g/mol) diffuses faster than HCl (36.5 g/mol). This law is used in isotope separation (e.g., ²³⁵UF₆ vs ²³⁸UF₆). The law assumes no intermolecular forces and identical conditions.
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