Which type of bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal?
A. Coordinate bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Ionic bond
D. Hydrogen bond
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Ionic (electrovalent) bond involves complete transfer of one or more valence electrons. Example: Na → Na⁺ + e⁻, Cl + e⁻ → Cl⁻, forming NaCl. Covalent bond shares electrons; coordinate bond is a special covalent bond where one atom donates both electrons.
Explanation:
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond. It increases across a period and decreases down a group. Fluorine, located at the top right of the periodic table (Group 17, Period 2), has the smallest atomic radius and highest effective nuclear charge, giving it the highest electronegativity (3.98 on Pauling scale).
Explanation:
Mass number (A) = number of protons (Z) + number of neutrons (N). Electrons have negligible mass and are not counted. It is the total number of nucleons. Example: ¹²C has 6 protons + 6 neutrons = 12. Isotopes have same Z but different A due to varying N. Atomic mass (weight) is the weighted average.
Explanation:
Catalase is an enzyme found in nearly all living organisms, particularly high in liver and red blood cells. It catalyzes the decomposition of toxic hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen: 2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂. This protects cells from oxidative damage. It has one of the highest turnover numbers. Stomach has pepsin.
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