Explanation:
The Wurtz reaction involves the reaction of an alkyl halide with sodium metal in dry ether to form a higher alkane. For example, two molecules of methyl chloride react with two sodium atoms to form ethane (C2H6) and sodium chloride. It is primarily used to synthesize symmetrical alkanes with an even number of carbon atoms.
Explanation:
Hydrogenation adds hydrogen to unsaturated vegetable oils in the presence of nickel catalyst at about 150°C, converting liquid oils (C=C bonds) to solid fats (vanaspati ghee) with higher melting points. Saponification makes soap. Esterification forms esters. Fermentation produces alcohol. Partial hydrogenation can produce trans fats, which are harmful. Complete hydrogenation yields saturated fats.
Explanation:
Nitric acid (HNO3) is historically known as Aqua Fortis, which translates to 'strong water' in Latin. This name was given by early alchemists due to its ability to dissolve almost all metals, including silver, which was not dissolved by other known acids at the time.
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